Impaired Kidney Function, Cerebral Small Vessel Disease and Cognitive Disorders: The Framingham Heart Study.
Kelly DM., Pinheiro AA., Koini M., Anderson CD., Aparicio H., Hofer E., Kern D., Blacker D., DeCarli C., Hwang S-J., Viswanathan A., Gonzales MM., Beiser AS., Seshadri S., Schmidt R., Demissie S., Romero JR.
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS: It remains unclear if the relation of chronic kidney disease (CKD) with cognitive dysfunction is independent of blood pressure (BP). We evaluated kidney function in relation to premorbid BP measurements, cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) and incident mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia in Framingham Offspring Cohort participants. METHODS: We included Framingham Offspring participants free of dementia, attending an examination during midlife (exam cycle 6, baseline) for ascertainment of kidney function status, with brain MRI late in life (exam cycles 7-9), cognitive outcome data and available interim hypertension and blood pressure assessments. We related CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate