Computational Neurology
Group leader: Sanjay Manohar
Our group applies computational models to study changes in motivation, memory and decision-making that occur in neurological disease. We combine behavioural, neuroimaging, and pharmacological experiments to apply mathematical models to clinical problems.
We focus on three aspects of cognition: motivation, motor control, and memory
- Motivation is our ability to perform better with incentives. Many brain disorders impair motivation, causing apathy. This can be catastrophic, leaving patients disabled, and is of course very stressful for carers. Understanding the anatomy and chemistry of motivation may permit treatments of these disorders.
- Motor control: Many neurological problems affect our movements. By studying the paths of movements, and how those paths can be adjusted, we are building a picture of how groups of neurons might work together to create smooth, controlled actions.
- Working memory: Remembering what we have just seen, done, or are about to do, is a natural ability for most of us. However certain diseases can interfere with these kinds of short-term memory. By studying how groups of neurons interact to retain information over brief intervals, we may begin to understand how this goes wrong in neurodegenerative diseases.
We study patients with neurodegenerative disorders like Parkinson’s disease, and patients who have brain damage, for example due to stroke. By studying behaviour in these groups, and whether the neurotransmitters dopamine and acetylcholine modulate performance, we test quantitative computational models of motivation, motor control and memory.
DPhil Projects
Our lab has broad interests, applying neuropsychological methods to open questions in cognitive neuroscience. We are especially interested in working memory, attention and motivation. Cognitive models of these functions generate testable neural predictions about what we should observe when neurotransmitters are modulated, and when specific brain areas are damaged. These predictions can then be tested by comparing behavioural performance of healthy volunteers and patients with neurological disease. We collaborate with several other groups including with Prof Masud Husain, Prof Mark Stokes, and Prof Rafal Bogacz.
Major questions we wish to answer include:
- Is dopamine responsible for learning along multiple dimensions of outcomes?
- Does motivation depend on frontostriatal dopamine? (Manohar et al Current Biology 2015)
- Do acetylcholine and dopamine influence reward-based decision-making?
- Can we modulate attention through cholinergic drugs?
- How do neurons support attention in working memory? (Manohar et al. 2017)
Methods
To manipulate neurotransmitters, we administer dopaminergic and cholinergic drugs to healthy volunteers, and study patients with Parkinson’s disease on and off their medication. To study the effect of brain lesions, we test patients who have focal damage in the frontal lobes. We also have access to neurological patients with a number of other diseases.
The main methods that we use for testing include eye tracking, pupillometry and decision-making tasks, combined with computational modelling, but we also have at our disposal functional MRI, EEG and MEG.
Principal Investigator: Prof Sanjay Manohar
Research experience
As part of this Master’s / DPhil project, you will gain experience in designing experiments, using an eye tracker, and pupillometry. You will also have the opportunity to work with patients, or to study the effects of dopaminergic medication. If interested, you will also have the opportunity to learn how to apply computational modelling and machine learning to data.
You will work in a team comprising a postdoctoral researcher, a research assistant, other DPhil students and undergraduates. There will be plenty of guidance on day-to-day issues, plus a weekly meeting with the supervisor. We hold weekly lab meetings, and you will have an opportunity to present your design and data to the group.