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The temporal lobe is implicated in higher cognitive processes and is one of the regions that underwent substantial reorganization during primate evolution. Its functions are instantiated, in part, by the complex layout of its structural connections. Here, we identified low-dimensional representations of structural connectivity variations in human temporal cortex and explored their microstructural underpinnings and associations to macroscale function. We identified three eigenmodes which described gradients in structural connectivity. These gradients reflected inter-regional variations in cortical microstructure derived from quantitative magnetic resonance imaging and postmortem histology. Gradient-informed models accurately predicted macroscale measures of temporal lobe function. Furthermore, the identified gradients aligned closely with established measures of functional reconfiguration and areal expansion between macaques and humans, highlighting their potential role in shaping temporal lobe function throughout primate evolution. Findings were replicated in several datasets. Our results provide robust evidence for three axes of structural connectivity in human temporal cortex with consistent microstructural underpinnings and contributions to large-scale brain network function.

Original publication

DOI

10.1093/cercor/bhab149

Type

Journal article

Journal

Cereb Cortex

Publication Date

01/10/2021

Volume

31

Pages

5151 - 5164

Keywords

MRI, connectome, gradients, multimodal, neuroimaging, Brain, Connectome, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Temporal Lobe