Holly Bridge

Contact information

Email	holly.bridge@ndcn.ox.ac.uk
Tel	01865 222734
Website	http://www.ndcn.ox.ac.uk/research/vision-group

Holly Bridge

MA, MSc, DPhil

Royal Society University Research Fellow

Associate Professor

My research uses non-invasive human brain imaging to understand the organisation of the visual system in both people with normal vision and those who have abnormal visual function.

I perform research in two main groups of subjects: people who are blind due to anophthalmia (absence of the eyes) and people who have suffered damage to their visual cortex due to a stroke, trauma or following brain tumours. To investigate these groups, I use magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to determine the changes in the function of the visual areas as well as structural differences and changes in connectivity.

I hope that in the long term it will be possible to use our understanding of the changes in the brain following damage to allow intervention to maximise the remaining vision for these patients, reducing the potential impact on daily living.

While our group has a population of blind subjects and patients with damage to the visual cortex, we are always interested in meeting new patients. If you think you may be interested in taking part in some of our studies, please use my contact details to get in touch.

We are also looking for potential DPhil students for 2016/17 to undertake projects on visually-impaired participants as well as sighted control subjects.

I am also a stipendiary lecturer at New College, Oxford, teaching Neuroscience to undergraduates in medicine, biomedical sciences and psychology.

Lateralized occipital degeneration in posterior cortical atrophy predicts visual field deficits.
Millington RS. et al, (2017), Neuroimage Clin, 14, 242 - 249
Altered functional brain connectivity in children and young people with opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome.
Chekroud AM. et al, (2017), Dev Med Child Neurol, 59, 98 - 104
Blindsight and Unconscious Vision: What They Teach Us about the Human Visual System.
Ajina S. and Bridge H., (2016), Neuroscientist
Individual Differences in the Alignment of Structural and Functional Markers of the V5/MT Complex in Primates.
Large I. et al, (2016), Cereb Cortex, 26, 3928 - 3944
Effects of cortical damage on binocular depth perception.
Bridge H., (2016), Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci, 371
Spatial scale of correlated signals in 7T BOLD imaging
Parker AJ. et al, (2016), BICT2015
Adaptive Pulvinar Circuitry Supports Visual Cognition.
Bridge H. et al, (2016), Trends Cogn Sci, 20, 146 - 157
Patterns of Individual Variation in Visual Pathway Structure and Function in the Sighted and Blind.
Aguirre GK. et al, (2016), PLoS One, 11
Human blindsight is mediated by an intact geniculo-extrastriate pathway.
Ajina S. et al, (2015), Elife, 4
Altered neurochemical coupling in the occipital cortex in migraine with visual aura.
Bridge H. et al, (2015), Cephalalgia, 35, 1025 - 1030
Resting-State Retinotopic Organization in the Absence of Retinal Input and Visual Experience.
Bock AS. et al, (2015), J Neurosci, 35, 12366 - 12382
Severe, persistent visual impairment associated with occipital calcification and coeliac disease.
Millington RS. et al, (2015), J Neurol, 262, 2056 - 2063
Neurochemical changes in the pericalcarine cortex in congenital blindness attributable to bilateral anophthalmia.
Coullon GS. et al, (2015), J Neurophysiol, 114, 1725 - 1733
Testing the inter-hemispheric competition account of visual extinction with combined TMS/fMRI.
Petitet P. et al, (2015), Neuropsychologia, 74, 63 - 73
Short-term monocular deprivation alters GABA in the adult human visual cortex.
Lunghi C. et al, (2015), Curr Biol, 25, 1496 - 1501
Abnormal contrast responses in the extrastriate cortex of blindsight patients.
Ajina S. et al, (2015), J Neurosci, 35, 8201 - 8213
Subcortical functional reorganization due to early blindness.
Coullon GS. et al, (2015), J Neurophysiol, 113, 2889 - 2899
Cerebellar and cortical abnormalities in paediatric opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome
Anand G. et al, (2015), Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 57, 265 - 272
Motion area V5/MT+ response to global motion in the absence of V1 resembles early visual cortex.
Ajina S. et al, (2015), Brain, 138, 164 - 178
Responses to interocular disparity correlation in the human cerebral cortex.
Ip IB. et al, (2014), Ophthalmic Physiol Opt, 34, 186 - 198
Motion perception within the blind hemifield
Ajina S. et al, (2014), LANCET, 383, 19 - 19
Novel brain imaging approaches to understand acquired and congenital neuro-ophthalmological conditions
Millington RS. et al, (2014), Current Opinion in Neurology, 27, 92 - 97
Quantifying the pattern of optic tract degeneration in human hemianopia
Millington RS. et al, (2014), Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 85, 379 - 386
Localization of MEG human brain responses to retinotopic visual stimuli with contrasting source reconstruction approaches.
Cicmil N. et al, (2014), Front Neurosci, 8
Effects of spatial and feature attention on disparity-rendered structure-from-motion stimuli in the human visual cortex.
Ip IB. et al, (2014), PLoS One, 9
Changes in brain morphology in albinism reflect reduced visual acuity
Bridge H. et al, (2014), Cortex, 56, 64 - 72
A review of neuroimaging studies of race-related prejudice: does amygdala response reflect threat?
Chekroud AM. et al, (2014), Front Hum Neurosci, 8
Early auditory processing in area V5/MT+ of the congenitally blind brain.
Watkins KE. et al, (2013), J Neurosci, 33, 18242 - 18246
Visual callosal topography in the absence of retinal input.
Bock AS. et al, (2013), Neuroimage, 81, 325 - 334
Is orbital volume associated with eyeball and visual cortex volume in humans?
Pearce E. and Bridge H., (2013), Ann Hum Biol, 40, 531 - 540
Structural and functional changes across the visual cortex of a patient with visual form agnosia.
Bridge H. et al, (2013), J Neurosci, 33, 12779 - 12791
Vivid visual mental imagery in the absence of the primary visual cortex.
Bridge H. et al, (2012), J Neurol, 259, 1062 - 1070
The fate of the oculomotor system in clinical bilateral anophthalmia.
Bridge H. et al, (2012), Vis Neurosci, 29, 193 - 202
Language networks in anophthalmia: maintained hierarchy of processing in 'visual' cortex.
Watkins KE. et al, (2012), Brain, 135, 1566 - 1577
Human cortical responses to variations of the interocular correlation of binocular signals
Ip B. et al, (2012), 2012 International Conference on 3D Imaging, IC3D 2012 - Proceedings
Mapping the visual brain: how and why.
Bridge H., (2011), Eye (Lond), 25, 291 - 296
Imaging reveals optic tract degeneration in hemianopia.
Bridge H. et al, (2011), Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 52, 382 - 388
Visual activation of extra-striate cortex in the absence of V1 activation.
Bridge H. et al, (2010), Neuropsychologia, 48, 4148 - 4154
Neural modulation by binocular disparity greatest in human dorsal visual stream.
Minini L. et al, (2010), J Neurophysiol, 104, 169 - 178
Imaging studies in congenital anophthalmia reveal preservation of brain architecture in 'visual' cortex.
Bridge H. et al, (2009), Brain, 132, 3467 - 3480
Representation of binocular surfaces by cortical neurons.
Bridge H. and Cumming BG., (2008), Curr Opin Neurobiol, 18, 425 - 430
Changes in connectivity after visual cortical brain damage underlie altered visual function.
Bridge H. et al, (2008), Brain, 131, 1433 - 1444
Topographical representation of binocular depth in the human visual cortex using fMRI.
Bridge H. and Parker AJ., (2007), J Vis, 7, 15.1 - 1514
Ventral extra-striate cortical areas are required for optimal orientation averaging.
Allen HA. et al, (2007), Vision Res, 47, 766 - 775
High-resolution MRI: in vivo histology?
Bridge H. and Clare S., (2006), Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci, 361, 137 - 146
Methodological issues relating to in vivo cortical myelography using MRI.
Clare S. and Bridge H., (2005), Hum Brain Mapp, 26, 240 - 250
Neuronal computation of disparity in V1 limits temporal resolution for detecting disparity modulation.
Nienborg H. et al, (2005), J Neurosci, 25, 10207 - 10219
Independent anatomical and functional measures of the V1/V2 boundary in human visual cortex.
Bridge H. et al, (2005), J Vis, 5, 93 - 102
Stereoscopic processing of absolute and relative disparity in human visual cortex.
Neri P. et al, (2004), J Neurophysiol, 92, 1880 - 1891
Receptive field size in V1 neurons limits acuity for perceiving disparity modulation.
Nienborg H. et al, (2004), J Neurosci, 24, 2065 - 2076
Modeling V1 neuronal responses to orientation disparity.
Bridge H. et al, (2001), Vis Neurosci, 18, 879 - 891
Responses of macaque V1 neurons to binocular orientation differences.
Bridge H. and Cumming BG., (2001), J Neurosci, 21, 7293 - 7302
Visual discrimination learning in the water maze: a novel test for visual acuity.
Robinson L. et al, (2001), Behav Brain Res, 119, 77 - 84

Key Publications

Early auditory processing in area V5/MT+ of the congenitally blind brain.
Watkins KE. et al, (2013), J Neurosci, 33, 18242 - 18246
Short-term monocular deprivation alters GABA in the adult human visual cortex.
Lunghi C. et al, (2015), Curr Biol, 25, 1496 - 1501
Abnormal contrast responses in the extrastriate cortex of blindsight patients.
Ajina S. et al, (2015), J Neurosci, 35, 8201 - 8213
Motion area V5/MT+ response to global motion in the absence of V1 resembles early visual cortex.
Ajina S. et al, (2015), Brain, 138, 164 - 178
Human blindsight is mediated by an intact geniculo-extrastriate pathway.
Ajina S. et al, (2015), Elife, 4

Recent Publications

Lateralized occipital degeneration in posterior cortical atrophy predicts visual field deficits.
Millington RS. et al, (2017), Neuroimage Clin, 14, 242 - 249
Altered functional brain connectivity in children and young people with opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome.
Chekroud AM. et al, (2017), Dev Med Child Neurol, 59, 98 - 104
Blindsight and Unconscious Vision: What They Teach Us about the Human Visual System.
Ajina S. and Bridge H., (2016), Neuroscientist
Individual Differences in the Alignment of Structural and Functional Markers of the V5/MT Complex in Primates.
Large I. et al, (2016), Cereb Cortex, 26, 3928 - 3944
Effects of cortical damage on binocular depth perception.
Bridge H., (2016), Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci, 371

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